Continuous Casting

1. Continuous Casting: Introduction
2. Temperature Control
3. Mold Oscillation Settings
4. Heat Flux in the Mold
5. Heat Flux in the Secondary Cooling Zone
6. Critical Strain During Continuous Casting
7. Bulging Strain
8. Bending and Straightening Strain
9. Misalignment Strain
10. Combined Strain in the Strand
11. Internal Crack Formation Through Hot Tearing
12. Transverse Cracking
13. Microsegregation
14. Continuous Casting Simulation

Sudden changes in direction of the casting path whilst processing are likely to induce large strains in the cast steel. These are avoided where possible, however during casting the steel is required to turn a 90° corner to flow from vertical to the horizontal direction. This is done on a large radius (9 m in the simulated slab caster) to minimize the effect. However, such a large change in radii upon entering and leaving this section is susceptible to bending and straightening strains, ε_BS. One method used to overcome this problem is to adopt a multi point straightening method where the radius of curvature is gradually incremented between rolls, keeping bending and straightening strains down to a minimum .

In this simulation you can observe the effects of several key casting parameters upon the bending/straightening strain ε_BS.

To calculate ε_BS, the following equations were used:

Single point bending/straightening strain (%)

Mutliple point bending/straightening strain (%)

Note:In this simulation the shell thickness, S was assumed to be constant; in reality S would increase as the casting cooled (i.e. as the roll number increased).

References

• AISE,  The Making, Shaping and Treating of Steel - Casting Volume CD, The AISE Steel Foundation,  
• Bernhard, C & Sjökvist, T, Die interaktive Stranggießsimulation auf www.steeluniversity.org Berg- und Hüttenmännische Monatshefte, SpringerWienNewYork, 0005-8912