Continuous Casting

1. Continuous Casting: Introduction
2. Temperature Control
3. Mold Oscillation Settings
4. Heat Flux in the Mold
5. Heat Flux in the Secondary Cooling Zone
6. Critical Strain During Continuous Casting
7. Bulging Strain
8. Bending and Straightening Strain
9. Misalignment Strain
10. Combined Strain in the Strand
11. Internal Crack Formation Through Hot Tearing
12. Transverse Cracking
13. Microsegregation
14. Continuous Casting Simulation

Towards the bottom of the metallurgical length, the extremely high ferrostatic pressures cause the strand to bulge between the rolls. These bulges result in strains at the solid liquid interface. In this case the bulge strain, ε_B has been recorded at the contact point of the rollers, the strains will be tensile in this region.

In this simulation you can observe the effects of several key casting parameters upon the bulging strain ε_B.

To calculate ε_B, the following equations were used:

where:

S = k√t

Using the solidification factor, k; where time since casting began, t, is given by:

t = h/v_c

where h is the vertical distance between the meniscus and the point in question.

Note: the visual representation of bulging in this simulation is greatly exaggerated (approximately ×25), so that the small changes that occur can be seen.

References

• AISE,  The Making, Shaping and Treating of Steel - Casting Volume CD, The AISE Steel Foundation,  
• Bernhard, C & Sjökvist, T, Die interaktive Stranggießsimulation auf www.steeluniversity.org Berg- und Hüttenmännische Monatshefte, SpringerWienNewYork, 0005-8912