Continuous Casting

1. Continuous Casting: Introduction
2. Temperature Control
3. Mold Oscillation Settings
4. Heat Flux in the Mold
5. Heat Flux in the Secondary Cooling Zone
6. Critical Strain During Continuous Casting
7. Bulging Strain
8. Bending and Straightening Strain
9. Misalignment Strain
10. Combined Strain in the Strand
11. Internal Crack Formation Through Hot Tearing
12. Transverse Cracking
13. Microsegregation
14. Continuous Casting Simulation

Immediately after the solid shell leaves the mold, it passes into the secondary cooling zone. The heat flux density, q in this region can be calculated using the formula below and it is directly proportional to the heat transfer coefficient, α.

q = α (T_S - T_C)

Where:

T_S = temperature of strand

T_C = temperature of cooling media

For efficient cooling to take place, α must high, but also controllable to maintain steel quality; one method of raising α is to utilize water jets as the cooling media. In this case the heat transfer coefficient is dependent on the shape/design of the nozzle, the velocity of the cooling water and the mass of the cooling water.

The use of water jets generates two distinct regimes of cooling:

1. Cooling predominately by the water itself
2. Cooling predominately by radiation

References

• AISE,  The Making, Shaping and Treating of Steel - Casting Volume CD, The AISE Steel Foundation,  
• Bernhard, C & Sjökvist, T, Die interaktive Stranggießsimulation auf www.steeluniversity.org Berg- und Hüttenmännische Monatshefte, SpringerWienNewYork, 0005-8912